Influential Factors That Affected Athens History Essay

Influential Factors That Affected Athens History Essay Some of the most influential factors that affected Athens rise and fall were their form of government, their leadership, and their arrogance. Athens democracy greatly affected their rise and collapse because it helped them rise to power, but it also caused them to make bad choices, leading to their fall. Similarly, the superior leadership of the Athenians facilitated the growth of Athens and was also a key factor in its downfall. Because of their outstanding leadership in the Persian Wars, the Athenian self-image was boosted, and this arrogance caused many other city-states, chiefly Sparta and Corinth, to dislike Athens and bring their city-state to ruins. Athens democracy greatly affected their rise and collapse because it helped them rise to power, but it also caused them to make bad choices, leading to their fall. The democracy allowed for regular citizens of the city-state to have a say in their government. In 507 B.C., Cleisthenes created ten tribes which each had 50 representatives in the Boule. This was the start of democracy in Athens. Also, an Assembly was established where all male citizens over the age of 18 could go and discuss matters. Since anyone could stand up to speak at the Assembly, a feeling of equality was established. Now it was the common people who could make decisions for their city-state, not the selfish aristocrats. Under the democracy, many great leaders were elected, such as Themistocles and Pericles who both made great contributions to Athens. However, many poor leaders were also chosen such as Cleon, who was a leather tanner. This shows a big flaw in the democracy of Athens. How could a leather tanner, th e lowest of the low, be elected to lead a critical invasion? Also, the democracy made bad decisions. In 413 B.C., even after Nicias had reported that there was no hope in fighting the Sicilians any longer, the Athenians voted to send another 15,000 men to fight! The Sicilian Expedition was a failure, and it cost thousands of men their lives with only a handful of them making it back alive to Athens. The democracy of Athens was a major factor in its rise to power, but it also played a part in bringing about its downfall. Similarly, the superior leadership of the Athenians facilitated the growth of Athens and was also a key factor in its downfall. In both Persian Wars, great generals led the Athenians to victory over the Persians. In the First Persian War in 490 B.C., one of the Athenian generals, Miltiades, was daring and attacked the Persian army while their cavalry was away in the Battle of Marathon. This led to an overwhelming win for Athens. They only lost 192 men while Persia lost a staggering 6,400 men. The great leadership of Miltiades led the Athenians to a huge victory over the Persians. A strategic decision made by Themistocles before the Second Persian War was to use the silver that the Athenians found in early fifth century B.C. to build a navy of triremes. He knew that after losing the first war, the Persians would be back to get revenge. This turned out to be a crucial decision because the Greek win at Salamis was a turning point in the war. In the Second Persian War, Athens was given c ommand of the Greek navy. In 480 B.C., Themistocles, who was in charge of the navy, tricked Xerxes, the king of Persia, into thinking the Greek navy was in disarray. Xerxes took the bait and chased the Greek navy into the Strait of Salamis. There, the larger size of the Persian navy was of no use because there was no room to maneuver, and the Greeks destroyed the Persian navy. The trickery of Themistocles resulted in a decisive win for the Athenians and one of the most important wins for the Greeks in the Second Persian War. However, leadership was also one of the causes of the fall of Athens. In the Peloponnesian War, many bad choices by leaders caused them to be defeated by Sparta. For example, in 425 B.C., Cleon, a leather tanner, convinced the Athenians that launching a direct attack on Sparta would be smart because the Spartans would not dare attack while the Athenians were in their territory. The invading force, however, got stuck on an island just off the shore, and after two years, the invasion failed. This failure cost the Athenians a large amount of their funds. Cleons failure to think his actions through was clearly a sign of bad leadership that cost Athens. Another example of bad leadership comes from the Sicilian Expedition in 415 B.C. Nicias, a leader that was opposed to war, was the only one left in charge of the expedition after Alcibiades had been arrested and escaped, and Lamachus had been killed in battle. He turned out to be a terrible leader because he was indecisive and missed many opportunities to defeat the Sicilians. Even when he finally realized that it was hopeless to fight the Sicilians, he hesitated, and the night before the Athenian army was about to leave, their entire fleet was burned by fire ships. The Sicilian Expedition had exhausted the Athenian treasury because they had sent an unprecedented amount of men, and it had ended in an utter failure. The poor leadership of Nicias ended horrifically and resulted in the deaths of th ousands of Athenians. Clearly, great leadership was a factor in helping Athens rise to power, but ironically, it was also a major factor in its decline. Because of their outstanding leadership in the Persian Wars, the Athenian self-image was boosted, and this arrogance caused many other city-states, chiefly Sparta and Corinth, to dislike Athens and bring their city-state to ruins. Their boosted self-image can be seen best in their artwork after the Persian Wars. Before the wars, their sculptures of humans all had the same posture, with one foot forward and arms at the side. This showed a humbleness towards the gods because gods were portrayed as strong and tall. However, after the wars, sculptures of humans could not be distinguished from the gods. Humans were now portrayed with rippling muscle, tall, and freedom of movement. In the Parthenon frieze, the humans look exactly the same as the gods on the pediments, albeit smaller and in low relief. Also, they portrayed themselves as rational in the metopes, and the savages were shown as irrational and crazy. Their arrogance can be seen in Pericles Funeral Oration when he says, I declare that our city is an education to Greece. He clearly thought very highly of his city and that it was the best in all of Greece. Their arrogance caused them to become power-hungry. In the Melian Dialogue, the Athenians speak with a condescending tone towards the Melians when they try to force them into becoming part of the Athenian empire. This is evident when they say, your actual resources are too scanty to give you a chance of survival against the forces that are opposed to you at this moment. The Athenians clearly think that they are superior to the Melians. Furthermore, they did not let members of the Delian League to withdraw their membership. This was shown when Naxos tried to withdraw, and the Athenians waged war against them and took down their walls. The arrogance of the Athenians also caused them to become overambitious. They started to expand into mainland Greece, which made city-states such as Sparta and Corinth worry. Their expansion was one of the major factors that le ad to the Peloponnesian War. In the war, their overambition caused them to make many costly mistakes that eventually led to their end. The arrogance of the Athenians clearly was a key factor in their destruction. Three major causes of the rise and fall of Athens were its democracy, its leadership, and its arrogance. The democracy produced many great leaders, but unfortunately, also many bad leaders. Their arrogance was a result of great leadership in the Persian Wars, and it led to the end of Athenian power in Greece. Democracy Let ordinary people feel equal to wealthier people Triremes promoted democracy Because they felt equal and could make a difference in the government, they did not revolt against the government Everyone had a say during the Assemblies Caused downfall because they made bad decisions Supported the Sicilian Expedition After Nicias told them that there was no hope left in fighting, they sent over another 15,000 men! Lost thousands of men and only a handful of the men made it back to Athens Also allowed for bad leaders to be chosen, such as Cleon, who was a leather tanner Leadership Great generals led Athens to victory against the Persians First Persian War: Sparta refused to help Athens, so they had only 10,000 Athenians and 1,000 soldiers from Plataea against 25,000 Persians Only had 10 generals, but Miltiades was daring and attacked while the Persian cavalry was away Won overwhelmingly, losing only 192 men to Persias 6,400 Second Persian War: Athens was given command of the navy Themistocles tricked Xerxes, king of Persia, into thinking that the Greek fleet was in disarray, so the Persians attacked and were destroyed by the Greek triremes When Athens found a huge deposit of silver, Themistocles suggested that it be used to build a huge fleet of triremes Turned out to be a great idea in the Second Persian War Bad leadership in the Peloponnesian War caused their defeat by the Spartans Cleon, a leather tanner, convinced the Athenians to launch an attack on Sparta Invading force got stuck on an island just off shore Failed after two years Spend a huge amount of funds on this invasion Alcibiades convinced the Athenians to approve of the Sicilian Expedition which was intended to cut off supplies from Sparta and Corinth Sent a huge force, larger than any other Athens had previously sent anywhere, to take Syracuse Spent almost all of the money in the treasury Alcibiades was arrested the day the expedition left for defacing public statues, but he escaped and told Sparta all of his plans Lamachus was killed in the first few days of fighting, so only Nicias was left Nicias missed many opportunities Athenians decided to send another 15000 men, commanded by Demosthenes, to attack, but it failed Even when the orders had been given to sail back to Athens, Nicias was hesitant, and that night, the entire fleet was burned by fire ships Arrogance Arrogance after winning both Persian Wars Shown in their artwork and sculptures Portrayed themselves the same as gods in the Parthenon frieze Humans were shown as rational and the savages were shown as crazy creatures in the metopes of the Parthenon Statues of humans could not be distinguished from gods Showed the ideal human being Tall and strong Freedom in movement Before, they portrayed humans as all uniform in shape and they all held the same posture Pericles Funeral Oration I declare that our city is an education to Greece. Shows he thinks very highly of Athens Melian Dialogue your actual resources are too scanty to give you a chance of survival against the forces that are opposed to you at this moment.] Clearly condescending Arrogance caused overambitious actions Started to expand into mainland Greece Made some city-states worry such as Sparta and Corinth, which caused the Peloponnesian War Forced members into the Delian League and would not let them leave

Consumer Attitude Toward Green Marketing

LITERATURE REVIEW Some literatures were reviewed in the course of this study. These include the previous researches which are as: 1. Sourabh Bhattacharya (2011) conducted research on â€Å"Consumer Attitude Towards Green Marketing In India†. According to him, Marketing is the process which begins with identifying the needs of the consumer and further includes product development, delivering products to the consumer and providing after sales service. The conventional marketing process is not specifically concerned or bothered about environmental safety.The contemporary green marketing concept, on the other hand, analyzes, ecological compatibility of the product. It emphasizes on the formulation of marketing strategies in conformation with environmental safety or protection. Conventional marketing paid little attention to the pollution caused to the environment from the actual usage of the products, the raw materials used in manufacturing or from the packaging materials used. Co nventional marketing concentrated on profit taking, while green marketing maintains the philosophy that doing business for a longer period is not possible without protecting the environmental.He concluded that the green marketers in India should carry out heavy promotional campaigns, because a majority of the Indian consumers are not sure about the quality of the green products. They are indecisive whether to pay premium for purchasing green products. They are highly suspicious regarding the real greenness of the eco-friendly products and tend to search for more information before buying. All these have a negative impact on the success of green marketing in India. Therefore, the green marketers must do heavy promotion, so that the target customers are convinced about the qualitative aspects of the green products.This is very important as the Indian consumers are in general price-sensitive and green products are costlier. If they are not convinced with the quality of the green produc ts, they remain suspicious and will not be willing to pay premium. 2. Meenakshi Verma & Anuj Verma (2011) conducted research on â€Å"Green Marketing-Strategy & Scope Of Growth In Indian Market†, According to him, Green marketing is the marketing of products that are presumed to be environ mentally safe. Thus green marketing incorporates a broad range of activities, including product modification, changes to the production rocess, packaging changes, as well as modifying advertising. Green products balance environmental compatibility with performance, affordability, and convenience. They are typically durable, non-toxic, recyclable, and are often made from recycled materials. Green products have minimal packaging, and should carry low environmental impact. Green marketing not only focuses on advertisements and promotion of products with environmental characteristics, but it pervades all the activities of designing, production, packaging and promoting greener products. Green ma rketing thrives of the underlying philosophy ‘Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle.It was concluded that as the demand for green products undoubtedly exist in growing economies, Green marketing provides an opportunity to the companies to increase their market-share by introducing eco-friendly products. Stricter environmental regulations across the world, growing consumer preference for eco-friendly companies, and the inherent cost advantages in lowering toxic waste are encouraging industries big and small to clean up. The research has revealed that awareness level among the consumers is pretty high and they are willing to adopt green products.However, the manufacturers need to improve the quality of the product and its after sales service. The consumers are concerned about the global warming and majority of them believe that green products shall help in reducing this cause however they are not overly committed to improving their environment and may be looking to lay too much responsibil ity on industry and government. Though it’s the responsibility of the firm to produce products, which are having minimum impact on the environment, but ultimately it’s the consumer who is having responsibility to use eco-friendly products. 3. Dr.Priyank Azad (2011) wrote an article â€Å"Green Marketing: The Innovative Mantra of Marketing†. This article discusses the notion of green marketing, its initiatives, challenges and probable strategies as conclusion. The mounting awareness about/on disturbed ecological balance and environmental consciousness has changed the behavioral patterns both in the individuals and business across the world. The apprehension towards global warming, harmful pollutants, non-biodegradable sold waste has sharply risen in the past decade. Now is the time of recyclable, non-toxic and environment-friendly green products that can help in preserving our nvironment and keeping it healthier. This has led the marketers to take a shift in prac tices and incorporates the concept of ‘Think Green’. The term ‘sustainability’ has become the keyword of this competitive era. As the resources are scarce and human wants are infinite, this broadening gap has augmented the interest among the consumers all over the world regarding fortification of environment. This increasing awareness and environmental consciousness has transformed the behavioral blueprints both in individuals and businesses.Now there is an era of recyclable, non-toxic and environment responsive green goods. This led to green marketing which speaks of mounting market for sustainable and socially accountable products and services. It contains a wide range of tasks such as product adjustment, transforming the production process, changed advertising, modifications in packaging, etc. , that aims at reducing the harmful impact of products and their consumption and disposal on the environment. Despite this world awareness, there are numerous pote ntial challenges and issues that are required to be surmounted. . Andrew Franklin Prince, Reuban Jacob and Jerrin M Philipose (2011) conducted a study on â€Å"Green Marketing: Recaliberation and Disposal of Exhausted Product Earns for Itself†. In this era of technologically-advanced educated world, products developed considering ecological aspects have more mileage than the regular products. Consumers’ awareness of proper disposal of exhausted products is need of the hour. The products demanded by the customers could be recaliberated to be used further as homogeneous or differentiated products.Meanwhile, the products which cross the bar of recaliberation could be disposed by the manufacturer. However, product disposal, is yet to find a prominent ground in India. The culture of corporate organizations trying to bag the sensible customers by providing the right kind of product with a tag line of ‘eco-friendly’, has just kick started. At this juncture one ma y think, is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) a good initiative only in papers? It was concluded that the strategy could bring revelation in the market. It is high time that we emphasize on the concept that â€Å"marketing begins and ends with manufacturer†.This however would need the background support of customers as well as policy makers for the effective implementation of the strategy. The flow of demand is expected to develop the customers’ buying preference for particular manufacturers who are following this strategy. Brand building effort could also be practiced to the maximum. The era of green market could be enhanced to the utmost. The waste in the Mother Nature will be minimized in the coming era, which shall provide better products for the better customers. Thus, providing recaliberation and disposal will earn itself for the company. 5.Deeksha Dave & Kartik Dave (2011) conducted a study on â€Å"Environmental Management Practices In The Hospitality Indu stry†. With their massive resource consumption and waste generation, big hotels quite literall function and pollute like a mini city. Hotels consume resources like energy, water, food, paper and pollute the environment in the form of smoke, noise and chemical pollutants. Keeping the above issues in view, the industry has come forward to save the environment and is playing a major role in environment protection by developing awareness and adopting environmental friendly practices.Since hotels occupy a central place in the tourism industry and its development does impact the environment considerably, it is believed that hotels should be more proactive in their managerial response concerning environmental performance. Keeping this in mind the study explores the environmental management practices among hotels operating in Udaipur. The results have shown that although hotel companies are concerned with environmental management issues, many are not proactive enough in their response s and prefer to only take management initiatives that have considerable financial benefits for their business.Focus has been mainly on cost-cutting management measures such as minimizing energy use and water conservation as this contributes directly towards a hotel’s profitability. 6. Dr. Ashish Chandra, Anoop Pandey and Navneet Kaur(2010) conducted a research on â€Å"Green Marketing: A tool to combat Environmental Challenges†. In this paper, the authors had taken a little attempt to academically examine environmental and green marketing issues and gray areas.This article introduces the terms and concepts of green marketing, briefly discuss why going green is important and also examine some of the reasons that organizatios are adopting a green marketing philosophy. He concluded that a successful marketer is one, who not only convinces the consumer, but also involves the consumer in marketing his products and delivering the services. Green marketing should not be consi dered as just one more approach to marketing, but has to be pursued with much greater vigor, as it has an environmental and social dimension to it.With the threat of global warming looming large, it is extremely important that green marketing becomes the norm rather than an exception or just a fad. Recycling of paper, metals, plastics, etc. , in a safe and environmentally harmless manner should become much more systematized and universal. It has to become the general norm to use energy-efficient lamps and other electrical goods. 7. Sunita Dahiya, Dr. Amita Charan & Vijay Kumar (2010) conducted a research on â€Å"Green Marketing, Emission Trading and Carbon Crediting In India†.Changing trade pattern, global recession, financial crisis, stock fluctuations, corporate governance, corporate laws, and many other upcoming global challenges are truly difficult to manage for corporate, environmentalists, economists, experts, manufacturers and even administrators at the top. Ecologist s, economists and financial planners are continuously debating for global sustainable development and steady economic growth. Most of the intellectuals and eminent personalities are releasing it is a right time to become â€Å"Globally Green† and protect environment by reducing pollution and emission.It was concluded that green marketing covers more issues than a firm’s marketing practices only. Green marketing is a requirement for our survival on this earth. India can set standards for others to lead in the area of carbon crediting and trading. From decades we are exploiting natural resources but now because of natural calamities: like global warming, Acidic rains, Tsunami, Earthquakes, floods, Drought and green house gases, we are realizing importance of green marketing.Globally there are number of environmental trading markets as have been explained above which provide for balance in period of environment and effect corporate competitiveness and profitability in ter ms of standards and final finished products. 8. Oyewole, P. (2001). Social Costs of Environmental Justice Associated with the Practice of Green Marketing. Journal of Business Ethics, 29(3), Feb, pp. 239-252. This paper presents a conceptual link among green marketing, environmental justice, and industrial ecology. It argues for greater awareness of environmental justice in the practice for green marketing.In contrast with the type of costs commonly discussed in the literature, the paper identified another type of costs, termed ‘costs with positive results,' that may be associated with the presence of environmental justice in green marketing. A research agenda is finally suggested to determine consumers' awareness of environmental justice, and their willingness to bear the costs associated with it. 9. Merilanen, S. , Moisander, J. & Personen, S. (2000). The Masculine Mindset of Environmental Management and Green Marketing. Business Strategy and the Environment, 9(3), pp. 51-162 . Environmental management systems and green marketing programmes have gained increasing popularity in western market economies. They are viewed as cost-efficient, effective and just means of tackling problems associated with the impact of economic activity on the environment. It is argued in this article, however, that these optimistic views are based on a number of ideas, images and metaphors that retain many androcentric and inadequate assumptions about self, society and nature that may be incompatible with long-term environmental protection goals. 0. Prothero, A. & Fitchett, J. A. (2000). Greening Capitalism: Opportunities for Green Community. Journal of Macromarketing, 20(1), pp. 46-56. In this paper, the authors argue that greater ecological enlightenment can be secured through capitalism by using the characteristics of commodity culture to further progress environmental goals. The authors reject both naive ecological romanticism and revolutionary idealism on the grounds that they fail to offer any pragmatic basis by which greater environmental responsibility can be achieved.Drawing on the now well-established theoretical tradition of post-Marxist cultural criticism, the authors offer a conceptual justification for the development and implementation of a green commodity discourse. For this to be achieved and implemented, prevailing paradigms regarding the structure, nature, and characteristics of capitalism must be revised. Marketing not only has the potential to contribute to the establishment of more sustainable forms of society but, as a principle agent in the operation and proliferation of commodity discourse, also has a considerable responsibility to do so. 11.Prothero, A. (1998). Green Marketing: The ‘Fad' That Won't Slip Slide Away. Journal of Marketing Management, 14(6), July, pp. 507-513. The author introduces several papers discussed in the July 1998 issue of ‘Journal of Marketing Management' focusing on green marketing. This includ es; a citation of the need to review existing literature on green marketing, an empirical study of United States and Australian marketing managers, a description of what a green alliance look like in practice in Great Britain, ecotourism and definitions of green marketing. 12. Kilbourne, W. E. & Beckman, S. C. (1998).Review and Critical Assessment of Research on Marketing and the Environment. Journal of Marketing Management, 14(6), July, pp. 513-533. This paper provides a review and categorization of the environmentally related research published in the major English language marketing journals over the period from 1971 to 1997. It traces the development from the early research which focused predominantly on the characterization of the â€Å"green† consumer, conceptualization of environmental consciousness, environmentally related behaviours such as recycling, and attitudes towards environmental problems such as pollution.This was followed by a period in which energy conserva tion, legislation, and public policy issues were added to the agenda which remained predominantly managerialist in perspective. While the same issues were studied within the 1990s, the research agenda was expanded again to include broader issues such as environmental values and institutions. Most recently, the macro issues of sustainable marketing and its relationship to the dominant social paradigm have been introduced into the literature.The paper concludes by arguing that the examination of the macro issues from an interdisciplinary perspective is necessary for further development of marketing thought in this area, and that a synthesis of the macro and micro perspectives is necessary for effective and enduring public policy regarding the marketing/environmental relationship. 13. Walker, R. H. & Hanson, D. J. (1998). Green Marketing and Green Places: A Taxonomy for the Destination Marketer. Journal of Marketing Management, 14(6), July, pp. 623-640.This paper highlights and discuss es green/environmental implications and imperatives associated with destination marketing as distinct from those related to product and services marketing. A comparative taxonomy has been developed to illustrate these, and to provide a framework for discussing their relevance, with reference to the particular case of Tasmania as a tourism destination. 14. Kilbourne, W. E. (1998). Green Marketing: A Theoretical Perspective. Journal of Marketing Management, 14(6), July, pp. 641-656. The author discusses the failure of green marketing to move beyond the limitations of the prevailing paradigm.While there are nascent macro developments in marketing thought that might lead to a truly green marketing considering sustainability, holistic thought, and the limitations of the prevailing paradigm, they remain thus far on the periphery of the discipline. This will remain so until a broader, multi-disciplinary approach incorporating the multiple dimensions of the DSP is developed. The author ide ntifies areas that must be examined for their effect in the marketing/environment relationship, namely economic, political and technological dimensions of the cultural frame of reference. 5. .Fisk, G. (1998). Green Marketing: Multiplier for Appropriate Technology Transfer? Journal of Marketing Management, 14(6), July, pp. 657-677. The effectiveness of â€Å"reward and reinforcement† strategy used in marketing activity is compared to a strategy of â€Å"mutual coercion mutually agreed upon† as a means for accelerating acceptance of environmentally appropriate production and consumption technologies. The risk and reward consequences of green marketing tactics are traced to identify their implications in pursuing globally sustainable development.Together, reward and reinforcement strategies and coercive regulatory activities are more promising for attaining sustainable development than either one alone. 16. Grove, S. J. & Fisk, R. P. (1996). Going green in the Service Sec tor. European Journal of Marketing, 30(5), pp. 56-67. The authors attempted to bring attention to the general and pervasive exclusion of service industries from discussions of green marketing practices. They explore why circumstance may exist, and provided arguments to support the adoption of environmental practices by services providers.Also in trying to identify how the service sector can contribute to the preservation of the environment, a greening of services matrix was presented. This matrix was designed to demonstrate through hypothetical examples the many ways that service industries can reduce, reuse or recycle resources, either collectively or individually, and thereby embrace the green initiative. Finally, the authors submitted a total quality/ benchmarking approach as a means by which services organizations may adopt environmental practices. 17.Menon and Menon (1997) Green marketing is a phenomenon which has developed particular import in the modern market. This concept h as enabled for the re-marketing and packaging of existing products which already adhere to such guidelines. Additionally, the development of green marketing has opened the door of opportunity for companies to co-brand their products into separate line, lauding the green-friendliness of some while ignoring that of others. Such marketing techniques as will be explained are as a direct result of movement in the minds of the consumer market.As a result of this businesses have increased their rate of targeting consumers who are concerned about the environment. These same consumers through their concern are interested in integrating environmental issues into their purchasing decisions through their incorporation into the process and content of the marketing strategy for whatever product may be required. 18. Banerjee, S. , Gulas, C. S. and Iyer E. (1995). Shades of green: A multidimensional analysis of environmental advertising. Journal of Advertising, 24(2), 21-32.This paper discusses how businesses have increased their rate of targeting green consumers, those who are concerned about the environment and allow it to affect their purchasing decisions. The paper identifies the three particular segments of green consumers and explores the opportunities businesses have with green marketing. The paper also examines the message of green marketing and describes the deceit of ‘green washing'. The paper considers three green campaigns of the New Leaf Paper Company, the Courier Corporation and Clorox bleach and concludes that green marketing is something that will continuously grow in both practice and demand.

Academic Appeal Letter Samples Essay - What Is It?

Academic Appeal Letter Samples Essay - What Is It? The template is really versatile and might be used for lots of situations. Plus, it is easy to use as well. The templates here are pretty user friendly. 207 sample hardship letter templates you may download and print at no cost. The tone of the letter has to be polite, and at the exact same time, it must be genuine. Below are free sample letters you may utilize to have more financial aid. All letters need to be typewritten. They must be typewritten. Therefore, the letter should be somewhat precise and truthful. It needs to be your own. It should explain well as to why the student wasn't able to keep up with his performance and also an apology for the same. Proofreading the letter is vital! You're writing an official letter, which means that your college ought to be formal. To begin with, you should understand how to compose an appeal letter for reinstatement to college for academic dismissal as it's a typical issue for a student. During your time for a student, you may discover yourself in a situation which demands an appeal letter. In case the institute does not permit an immediate appeal, then your very best chance is to compose a letter. Academic Appeal Letter Samples Essay - Is it a Scam? Such letters must underline the tough situation that the victim is a portion of which in turn has hampered his studies, together with a promise that the financial aid provided would be used fruitfully to realize superior results. The committee should know that you understand how to succeed in school, and you have a great comprehension of how to produce your situation better so that you could be an effective student. Make certain you include official documentation directly a bout the factors for your academic difficulties. There are a lot of explanations for why you may not get the financial aid package you think you deserve or will need to afford tuition. School receive a great deal of appeals and there are lots of moving parts. If you need to take a semester or two off, utilize that opportunity to acquire work experience. Studying with write men and women you know is the important benefit for every one of us. Studies have demonstrated that having good written communication skills is among the most essential and respected traits of any sort of professionals. Choosing Academic Appeal Letter Samples Essay Is Simple Keep in mind, your understanding of the way to compose a superior appeal letter for college can serve you well and it's worth a try, but a lot of appeals are still not profitable. If essay are for, you must provide compelling reasons appeal you wouldn't encounter the exact difficulties. Your introduction should provide a concise explanation of why you feel deserving of another chance. If you're able to appeal in person, that is going to be your very best approach. The school will appear at how interested you're in going there, not someone else. In case the appeal isn't granted, the student will be dismissed. Thus, as an issue of serendipity, some students do get to get mentored, but a lot of others don't. Emotional language may antagonise the people you're attempting to win over. The school would like to hear from them! Students that are near graduation are more inclined to be granted readmission than students who still have a substantial number of requirements to satisfy the degree. Please understand that my low GPA that caused my dismissal doesn't indicate I am a terrible student. Dismissal will lead to cancelation of any upcoming course enrollments. Your readmission letter must convince the school that you're prepared to for college college requires to get back on course. College education is occasionally challenging to avail. Indeed, the colleges I've been accepted to are among some of the best schools too, and I do feel proud of my choices. Most colleges and universities limit the range of times each student may sign up for class so that other students have an opportunity to select the course.

Why Did Kitty Genovese s Neighbors Fail For Take Action...

On March 13, 1964, a woman named Kitty Genovese was stabbed repeatedly while several neighbors were vaguely aware of the unfolding events occurring outside. The lack of action on the neighbors’ part led to Genovese dying shortly after. Why did Kitty Genovese’s neighbors fail to take action quickly? The psychologists John Darley and Bibb Latanà © (1968) were interested in the Genovese incident and sought to find the answer to this psychological phenomenon. In their experiment, Darley and Latanà © hypothesized that the higher number of bystanders would decrease helping behavior and vice versa. The two manipulated the number of confederates during each trial and recorded the time it took for the participants to report the simulated seizure. Their results confirmed that if were more confederates, each participant would feel less pressured to help, leading to the discovery of the bystander effect. The bystander effect is defined as the higher the number of people who notice an emergency, the less of a chance that those bystanders will help the victim (as cited in Aronson, Wilson, Akert, Sommers, 2015). The importance of the bystander effect is unparalleled because it determines whether humans will still help in a situation when there are other people available. Bystanders can deal with situations ranging from the mundane to the dire, but what matters is the number of those who take action. Inspired by the Genovese case, my partner and I wanted to see if the Tufts community, which

Is Chromium Or Wrong - 1909 Words

If a person can easily explain his or her expertise pertaining to a certain field with ease, then one thing we have learned about in this class may be true. That lesson is the concept that I have stated above which pertains to someone being an expert opinion. This field of knowledge goes without stating one’s opinion may be accepted without given reasoning and may avoid being criticized. (Whitbeck, 15). However, my theory is that just because someone may have expertise in that pertaining field does not make their judgement morally right or wrong. This debate brings about the topic of carcinogens; a potentially cancer causing agent. The particular carcinogen that I am talking about is chromium (VI). This specific carcinogen, chromium, has been used to create certain items like colored paint or used to make stainless steel as many of our household appliances are made up of today. However, this carcinogen has also been found in a place that many raise alarm about and this is the fact that chromium has also been found in our drinking water. However, there are agencies that are designed to protect the well-being of us and harmful chemicals in our environment; this agency is known as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA appoints a group of five panelists that are experts with this specific carcinogen much as I mentioned above their knowledge and basis of expertise creates an expert opinion without much justification. The goal of this group of panelists is to create aShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues in Erin Brockovich Essay1593 Words   |  7 Pagesthe case. After talking with Donna Jensen, as well as other residents of Hinkley, she became aware that they all had similar medical problems. As she digs deeper, she realizes that PGamp;E was at fault because they were dumping a toxic waste (chromium 6) in the town water and it was poisoning the people in Hinkley. At first, the residents are hesitant to jump on board and go against PGamp;E because th ey believe the company has done a lot of good for the community. Erin made it her mission toRead MoreEthical Issues in the Film Erin Brockovich898 Words   |  4 Pagesto see the breakdown of the ethical values of PGE. The dramatization focuses on the deception that PGE has cast over the inhabitants of Hinkley, California. For years, the company has been polluting the environment with a known deadly toxin, Chromium six. The toxin seeped into natural underground water reservoirs then into the unsuspecting town folk’s drinking water. The effects on the human body were devastating, the worst being cancer which afflicted many of the residents. PGEs processRead MoreErin Brockovich, Anderson Et Al V. 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After pursuing this case, they received the settled amount that must be given by the PGamp;E $333 million. It was one of the biggest class action lawsuits in American history against a multi-billionRead MoreMovie Review-Erin Brockovich Essay1915 Words   |  8 PagesElectric Company using hexavalent chromium or chromium s ix as a rust inhibitor to prevent corrosion of pistons used in engines. According to the movie, for fourteen years, the Pacific Gas and Electric Company had been dumping water containing chromium six into ponds and covering them over. The ponds were not lined and the chromium based water leaked into the local water supply exposing residents of Hinkley, California to chromium six. Repeated exposure to hexavalent chromium causes chronic headaches, cancerRead MoreCommon Ingredients Of Your Weight Loss Supplements Essay1088 Words   |  5 Pagesprocess and so does weight loss attempt. 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A Well-rounded Student an Analysis of Core Curriculum Free Essays

The implementation of a core curriculum requirement in the college system is highly beneficial because all of the standard subjects that comprise a common core curriculum, especially English, mathematics, science, and a foreign language, promote the development of fundamental skills. All colleges should enforce a core curriculum with the study of English composition and literature because of the Important reading and writing skills students from these classes. Regardless of their majors, whether It Is biology, mathematics, or business, all students need strong rating and research skills. We will write a custom essay sample on A Well-rounded Student: an Analysis of Core Curriculum or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although Colleen Pulley, writer for Helium Inc. Argues, â€Å"students have obtained enough general knowledge in high school,† English is a subject that is never fully mastered (Pulley). Even students who arrive at college with adequate writing skills benefit from taking college level English classes. Commenting on a national survey of the nation’s colleges and universities, American Council of Trustees members, Laura Sampson, Tom Back, and Eric Markedly assert, â€Å"literature is fundamental training for critical thinking skills† (Sampson, Back ; Markedly). They state that college courses are likely the last time students will read a book they do not choose themselves, which often proves to be a highly educational experience. Another subject required In an ordinary core curriculum Is mathematics; the study of mathematics at the university level Is absolutely critical because of Its frequent application In dally life situations. Innumeracy at the college level benefits all, from areas such as the workplace to home finance to even evaluating statistics in the newspaper. Even many entry-level jobs require employees to have a degree of math knowledge, so it is important to practice solving mathematical problems as much as possible. Even understanding the basic math functions can be advantageous in daily life situations. College level math courses help students further develop logic and critical thinking skills, problem solving skills, and the ability to identify and analyze patterns. Although high-level math classes such as advanced calculus are not technically used in everyday situations, the practice of calculus provides advantageous brain training. Students who challenge themselves with a math course, learn to work hard to achieve their goals. Obtaining personal satisfaction by working hard helps students accomplish astounding feats In all areas of their life. The study important because the information learned in such courses relate to everyday life. Although many students studied some form of science in high school, further developing this knowledge is extremely useful. Colleen Pulley, writer for Helium Inc, states that students should not be required to â€Å"suffer through two years† of science lasses if they have no relation to their educational goal; however, even if science does not pertain to a student’s career goal, the study of science will increase this student’s general knowledge and provide important advantages. Although Pulley makes a very valid point that forcing students to take core courses, such as the social and natural science classes, can often create financial strain because students have to pay for these courses, she does not consider the true and immense value of learning science. By gaining any general knowledge about human physical, mental, or social health, students learn to pay attention to and care for their own personal health, a priceless skill. Even if students do not plan to work in healthcare, some level of consciousness of one’s own wellness is critical for one to simply know when he or she should see a doctor or professional. Colleges should necessitate a core curriculum requirement that includes the completion of an exit level foreign language class because of the numerous benefits associates with learning a language. Students who learn to speak and write a language that is not native to hem expand their knowledge of a different culture because language is the most fundamental aspect of culture. Many studies show that students who study a foreign language often acquire better writing and oral communication skills. Learning a second language introduces tremendous Job opportunities because many occupations and positions require fluency in more than one language. Only students who studied language in high school up too high enough level can test out of this requirement, so all students under a core curriculum reap the benefits of mastering a foreign language. In America in particular, the number of immigrants who have a first language other than English is rapidly increasing. In the very near future, these immigrant groups will likely make up the majority of the citizens in America. This sheer fact alone emphasizes the importance of learning a foreign language. Students who learn the language of the predominant immigrant group in their region of the country will better understand and gain insight into the different culture of their neighbors. Effort in learning foreign languages, compassion, and multicultural armory seed the growth of America. Although there are many arguments against the core curriculum, the many benefits outnumber the few potential negatives. An enforced core curriculum promotes students to think critically from a variety of disciplines. Students enrolled at a college with core requirements acquire better skills in reading and writing, master critical mathematical skills, and even better understand important historical events. All of the subjects required in a core curriculum promote the development of well-rounded students. Word count: 1,503 How to cite A Well-rounded Student: an Analysis of Core Curriculum, Papers

Global Strategy Organizing Framework

Question: Discuss about the Global Strategy for Organizing Framework. Answer: Introduction: This review will investigate and examine the article 'Global Strategy: An Organizing Framework', written by Sumantra Ghoshal in1987. This journals aim is to give Managers, business top officials of a multinational organization, with a proposed entry framework into the global markets. It also educates them on the issues and analysis that will assist in maintaining, and acquiring a large market share at a global level. Global strategy, viewed as universal business terms, ended up plainly famous in the twentieth century Dunning and Lundan (2008). It is a multinational organization's vital manual for globalization, because of the differing qualities of topography and economy. In this article, the writer essentially concentrates on a progression of significant issues to worldwide methodologies Motohashi, (2015) He dissects the changing and creating ideas of worldwide methodology from various authors. In the wake of showing the significance of an organizing framework for a companys administration, he set up the destinations and methods for global strategies. This article is critical in that it gives a fundamental direction to managers and high-ranking officials of universal organizations to audit their strategies. However, the author in this article has not proposed some other new assessments for accomplishing genuine international strategies yet but simply incorporating the current ones to shape rules. Multiple perspectives of global strategy Before the author stipulates an organizing framework, he introduces the different varieties of viewpoints and solutions made by different writers in the field. Among various writers who call attention to the points of view and ideas of global strategies, the article, for the most part, examines Levitt's, Hout's, Hamel and Prahalads. He clarifies that the contrast amongst these writers and their perspectives on worldwide strategies vary and how to oversee them are not constrained. He gives a concise understanding into their perspectives and how on different events, these perspectives may repudiate each other in their own perspective yet none of these is censured. Before planning a system, directors need to realize that is genuine technique. Sumantra has made a full hypothetical ramification for supervisors to think about the significance of the strategies to use. Then again, there are some equivocal and confounding discoveries in the present writing, which will block the use of the worldwide procedure in genuine practice Ebert and Griffin (2014). What's more, this article simply calls attention to a few solutions on the theme of global strategies; however not make a conclusion that which one improved in the genuine honing. Global strategy: an organizing framework By coordinating of existing writing, the writer recreates another framework comprising of three classes of key targets and three sources of preferred standpoint accomplished by them, illustrated in the table. It demonstrates that those three factors join in achieving profitability, identifying risks involved and technology advancement and education Johnson (2014) An effective global strategy demonstrates a superior advantage in global venture. This preferred standpoint id defined from market forces location differences. A company's scheme can give a firms executives the general direction to breaking down the market enviroment when configuring global strategies The author builds this scheme by checking on and dissecting a progression of existing works of literature, which just focuses on the outer examination of worldwide rivalry, yet overlooking the inward variables Rothaermel ( 2015). In the wake of creating of worldwide monetary correspondence, a few experts have grasped a recently developing hypothetical point of view, the asset-based perspective of methodology. In his system, he interfaces the customary mechanical association based hypothesis with new asset based hypothesis to frame a strong hypothetical establishment Zhang (2009). He considers the external global elements and internal mechanical execution. Creating from Sumatra's system, his new technique mode has broken the restrictiveness of lacking administrative ramifications. In the global exchanging, expansion of organizations' execution is possible in that it has a fitting framework that can take great utilization of key internal assets, and opportune react to external difficulties. To some degree, global strategy is not a solitary equation of institutionalization but rather a multidimensional and rational planning of activities. Global strategy: risk management After a short presentation of the general structure of worldwide methodology, the creator swings to an itemized examination of two measurements of its framework. The primary measurement is about the key points . The second measurement is the three instruments to pick up an upper hand to accomplish the points. managing risks is one more extensive target of vital administration, which is to make esteem which is resolved not just by the profits that particular resources are relied upon to create additionally by the hazard that is accepted simultaneously In the article, the writer talks about various types of risk that universal organizations will take. The examination of key the points will give multinational firms general ramifications when they settle on worldwide vital choices Motohashi (2015). Macroeconomic risks, which are uncontrollable by the multinational companies, alludes irregular changes in the financial condition Political risks, allude to a progression of approach activities from national governments such promotion lawful activities, administrative activities et cetera. Competitive risks meaning the unsteadiness about rivals' exercises or change of centered advancement A resource risk the shakiness about contenders' exercises or change of is a nonappearance of reasonable human resource, advancement or capital focused development.. Macroeconomic risks are volatile and must be identifies and analyzed while making decisions Montresor and Vezzani (2015). Nevertheless, the market variables are continually changing when, so do the dangers. The indispensable undertaking is to take into consideration these perils together with respect to particular key decisions. The threats cannot be separated in a global market area that should be of general concern. Global strategy: innovation, learning, and adaptation Multinational enterprise, which expanded its organizations in various nations, will be affected by strife culture, conflicting qualities, diverse financial circumstance, topography etc. To expand extra leases from abilities disguised by the organization, the activities of advancement, learning, and adjustment viewed as a critical instrument. To the extent, the author is concerned, technology advancement, learning, and adjustment, which is known as the differing qualities of internal capacities, will enhance the company's survival probability and aggressive execution in the globalization economy Sadgrove ( 2016). Keeping in mind the end goal to demonstrate the significance of inside differing qualities abilities, the creator takes a case of PG, pushed on the Wall Street Journal in 1985. Indicated that it takes great utilization of the potential for taking in, the worldwide association must see learning as a particular and exact target. Components and frameworks ought to be pushed figuring out how to happen Manuj ( 2013). Nevertheless, base full hypothetical establishment, there is no a further research of dependability and legitimacy in this diary. It does not have a thought regarding what sort of realizing model needs to work to make the learning objectives accomplished in the genuine living. Dunning (2008) has depicted a conclusion that development, learning, and adjustment is a coordinated instrument to improve the survival potential outcomes and practicability of firms when they confront increasingly furiously erratic and unverifiable condition changes. Conclusion This audit has both abridged and evaluated Ghoshal's article "global Strategy: An Organizing Framework''. The structure, openness, substance, qualities and restrictions of the article were investigated and scrutinized. The author is dependable, exact and current. The article has looked at the important scrutiny on existing and the developing literature on universal rivalry and the suggestions give potential outcomes to future research in this field. The article has added to a superior comprehension among the business group of the focal points and disservices, for the globalization of multi participations. References Dunning, J.H. and Lundan, S.M., 2008.Multinational enterprises and the global economy. Edward Elgar Publishing. Ebert, R.J., Griffin, R.W., Starke, F.A. and Dracopoulos, G., 2014.Business essentials. Pearson Education Canada. Motohashi, K., 2015.Global Business Strategy. Springer-Verlag GmbH. Johnson, P.F., 2014.Purchasing and supply management. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Jones, G., 2013.Entrepreneurship and Multinationals. Edward Elgar Publishing. Manuj, I., 2013. Risk management in global sourcing: Comparing the business world and the academic world.Transportation Journal,52(1), pp.80-107. Montresor, S. and Vezzani, A., 2015. On the RD giants shoulders: do FDI help to stand on them?.Economia e Politica Industriale,42(1), pp.33-60. Motohashi, K., 2015. Changes in the Global Economic Environment. InGlobal Business Strategy(pp. 41-55). Springer Japan. Motohashi, K., 2015. Strategy Integration at the Global Level. InGlobal Business Strategy(pp. 243-253). Springer Japan. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Sadgrove, K., 2016.The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge. Zhang, X. 2009Analysis of Globalization strategy of multinational companies,Shandong Normal University.